2012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试题及答案(4)

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A. A president.

　　B. A Buddhist priest.

　　C. A king.

　　D. A general.

　　42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A. To make its population grow.

　　B. To keep it separate from the world.

　　C. To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D. To keep its traditions and customs.

　　43. A country shows its progress with GNP by

　　A. spending more money.

　　B. spending less money.

　　C. selling more products.

　　D. providing more jobs.

　　44. According to GNH, people are happier if they

　　A. have new technology.

　　B. have a good, stable government.

　　C. can change their religion.

　　D. have more money.

　　45. Today many countries are

　　A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

　　B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

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Voice your opinion: change is needed in youth sports

　　Everywhere you look，you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). and these kids are getting younger and younger. in some countries， children can compete on basketball， baseball， and volleyball teams starting at age nine. (46)and swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four， to prepare children for competition.

　　It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. (47) this emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.

　　Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.

　　Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. in fact， a recent study by paulo david found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. (49)

　　The third， and biggest， problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework， have fun， be with friends—in short， time to be kids. when they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice， they often start to hate their chosen sport. a searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. (50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.

　　We need to remember the purpose of youth sports -- to give kids a chance to have developing strong， healthy bodies.

　　A. A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sports.

　　B. Many of them completely lose interest in sports.

　　C. Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard.

　　D. The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.

　　E. Sports for children have two important purposes

　　F. But what about the others, the average kids?

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