2012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试题及答案(2)

　　1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient's immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

　　2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a person's normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.

　　3 In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis.

　　4 The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patient's individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.

　　5 The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

　　23. Paragraph 1___ ___

　　24. Paragraph 2 ______

　　25. Paragraph 3______

　　26. Paragraph 4______

　　A. The relapsing form of MS

　　B. The cause of MS

　　C. The primary progressive form of MS

　　D. The definition of MS

　　E. The development of MS

　　F. The treatment for MS

　　27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and ______

　　28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by ______

　　29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having ______

　　30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than ______

　　A. the elderly people

　　B. relatives of MS patients

　　C. the progressive form

　　D. the brain

　　E. life expectancy

　　F. the disease

　　第4部分：阅读理解 (第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)．

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题.请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项.

Genetic Engineering

　　Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.

　　Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.

　　l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.

　　l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.

　　l Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.

　　Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighed against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.

　　31. This passage is mainly about

　　A. the human growth hormone.

　　B. the effects of altering cells.

　　C. insulin resistance.

　　D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.

　　32. Genetic engineering may be defined as

　　A. the altering of normal cell reproduction

　　B. a branch of applied chemistry.

　　C. a procedure that holds little promise.

　　D. a study on life-saving enzymes.

　　33. According to the passage, human interferon

　　A. is a hormone that causes disease.

　　B. could be used to treat cancer.

　　C. is a viral disease

　　D. has been cured

　　34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented

　　A. as a process.

　　B. from earliest to latest.

　　C. in a simple list.

　　D. as a story.

　　35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the closest meaning with

　　A. had great influence

　　B. became a burden.

　　C. measured accurately.

　　D. considered carefully.

第二章 New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus

　　An attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus high-profile attempt to eradicatethe AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.

　　But researchers won’t know for a year or more whether it will work. , scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and infections.

　　“This is a study that’s in progress,” says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.